WindowsFormsTest/OCRTest/OCREngine.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using Tesseract;

namespace OCRTest
{
    /// <summary>
    /// OCR配置类
    /// </summary>
    public class OCRConfig
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 识别语言（如："eng", "chi_sim", "chi_sim+eng"）
        /// </summary>
        public string Language { get; set; } = "eng";

        /// <summary>
        /// 引擎模式
        /// </summary>
        public EngineMode EngineMode { get; set; } = EngineMode.Default;

        /// <summary>
        /// 字符白名单（只识别这些字符，提高准确率）
        /// </summary>
        public string Whitelist { get; set; } = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否启用图像预处理
        /// </summary>
        public bool EnablePreprocessing { get; set; } = true;

        /// <summary>
        /// Tessdata目录路径
        /// </summary>
        public string TessDataPath { get; set; } = "./tessdata";

        /// <summary>
        /// PSM页面分割模式（0-13）
        /// </summary>
        public PageSegMode PageSegMode { get; set; } = PageSegMode.Auto;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// OCR识别结果
    /// </summary>
    public class OCRResult
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 识别的文本
        /// </summary>
        public string Text { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 置信度（0-100）
        /// </summary>
        public float Confidence { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 识别耗时（毫秒）
        /// </summary>
        public long ElapsedMilliseconds { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否成功
        /// </summary>
        public bool Success { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 错误信息
        /// </summary>
        public string Error { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 高性能OCR识别引擎（线程安全单例）
    /// </summary>
    public class OCREngine : IDisposable
    {
        private static readonly object _lock = new object();
        private static Dictionary<string, OCREngine> _instances = new Dictionary<string, OCREngine>();
        
        private TesseractEngine _engine;
        private OCRConfig _config;
        private bool _disposed = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取默认实例（英文识别）
        /// </summary>
        public static OCREngine Instance
        {
            get
            {
                return GetInstance("eng");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取指定语言的实例
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="language">语言代码</param>
        /// <returns>OCR引擎实例</returns>
        public static OCREngine GetInstance(string language)
        {
            lock (_lock)
            {
                if (!_instances.ContainsKey(language))
                {
                    var config = new OCRConfig { Language = language };
                    _instances[language] = new OCREngine(config);
                }
                return _instances[language];
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取自定义配置的实例
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="config">配置对象</param>
        /// <returns>OCR引擎实例</returns>
        public static OCREngine GetInstance(OCRConfig config)
        {
            string key = $"{config.Language}_{config.EngineMode}";
            
            lock (_lock)
            {
                if (!_instances.ContainsKey(key))
                {
                    _instances[key] = new OCREngine(config);
                }
                return _instances[key];
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 私有构造函数
        /// </summary>
        private OCREngine(OCRConfig config)
        {
            _config = config;
            InitializeEngine();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化Tesseract引擎
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeEngine()
        {
            try
            {
                // 检查tessdata目录是否存在
                if (!Directory.Exists(_config.TessDataPath))
                {
                    throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"Tessdata目录不存在：{_config.TessDataPath}");
                }

                // 创建引擎
                _engine = new TesseractEngine(_config.TessDataPath, _config.Language, _config.EngineMode);

                // 设置PSM模式
                _engine.DefaultPageSegMode = _config.PageSegMode;

                // 设置字符白名单（如果指定）
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(_config.Whitelist))
                {
                    _engine.SetVariable("tessedit_char_whitelist", _config.Whitelist);
                }

                // 优化性能配置
                _engine.SetVariable("tessedit_pageseg_mode", ((int)_config.PageSegMode).ToString());
                
                Console.WriteLine($"OCR引擎初始化成功 - 语言：{_config.Language}, 模式：{_config.EngineMode}");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"OCR引擎初始化失败：{ex.Message}", ex);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 识别图片文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="imagePath">图片路径</param>
        /// <returns>识别结果</returns>
        public OCRResult RecognizeText(string imagePath)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(imagePath))
                return new OCRResult { Success = false, Error = "图片路径不能为空" };

            if (!File.Exists(imagePath))
                return new OCRResult { Success = false, Error = $"文件不存在：{imagePath}" };

            try
            {
                var sw = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();

                // 加载图片
                using (var pix = Pix.LoadFromFile(imagePath))
                {
                    // 图像预处理（如果启用）
                    Pix processedPix = _config.EnablePreprocessing ? PreprocessImage(pix) : pix;

                    // 执行识别
                    using (var page = _engine.Process(processedPix))
                    {
                        var text = page.GetText();
                        var confidence = page.GetMeanConfidence();

                        sw.Stop();

                        return new OCRResult
                        {
                            Text = text.Trim(),
                            Confidence = confidence * 100,
                            ElapsedMilliseconds = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,
                            Success = true
                        };
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return new OCRResult
                {
                    Success = false,
                    Error = $"识别失败：{ex.Message}"
                };
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 从Bitmap识别文字
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bitmap">Bitmap对象</param>
        /// <returns>识别结果</returns>
        public OCRResult RecognizeFromBitmap(Bitmap bitmap)
        {
            if (bitmap == null)
                return new OCRResult { Success = false, Error = "Bitmap不能为空" };

            try
            {
                var sw = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();

                // 将Bitmap转换为Pix
                using (var pix = BitmapToPix(bitmap))
                {
                    // 图像预处理
                    Pix processedPix = _config.EnablePreprocessing ? PreprocessImage(pix) : pix;

                    // 执行识别
                    using (var page = _engine.Process(processedPix))
                    {
                        var text = page.GetText();
                        var confidence = page.GetMeanConfidence();

                        sw.Stop();

                        return new OCRResult
                        {
                            Text = text.Trim(),
                            Confidence = confidence * 100,
                            ElapsedMilliseconds = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,
                            Success = true
                        };
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return new OCRResult
                {
                    Success = false,
                    Error = $"识别失败：{ex.Message}"
                };
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量识别图片
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="imagePaths">图片路径数组</param>
        /// <returns>识别结果列表</returns>
        public List<OCRResult> RecognizeBatch(string[] imagePaths)
        {
            var results = new List<OCRResult>();

            foreach (var path in imagePaths)
            {
                var result = RecognizeText(path);
                results.Add(result);
            }

            return results;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 图像预处理（灰度化、二值化、降噪）
        /// </summary>
        private Pix PreprocessImage(Pix originalPix)
        {
            try
            {
                // 转换为灰度图
                using (var grayPix = originalPix.ConvertRGBToGray())
                {
                    // 二值化处理（Otsu阈值）
                    using (var binaryPix = grayPix.BinarizeOtsuAdaptiveThreshold(200, 200, 10, 10, 0.1f))
                    {
                        // 返回处理后的图片（需要克隆，因为using会释放）
                        return binaryPix.Clone();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                // 预处理失败，返回原图
                return originalPix.Clone();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将Bitmap转换为Pix
        /// </summary>
        private Pix BitmapToPix(Bitmap bitmap)
        {
            // 确保是24位或32位格式
            Bitmap tempBitmap = bitmap;
            bool needDispose = false;

            if (bitmap.PixelFormat != PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb && 
                bitmap.PixelFormat != PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb)
            {
                tempBitmap = new Bitmap(bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
                using (var g = Graphics.FromImage(tempBitmap))
                {
                    g.DrawImage(bitmap, 0, 0);
                }
                needDispose = true;
            }

            try
            {
                // 保存为临时PNG文件
                string tempFile = Path.GetTempFileName() + ".png";
                tempBitmap.Save(tempFile, ImageFormat.Png);

                // 加载为Pix
                var pix = Pix.LoadFromFile(tempFile);

                // 删除临时文件
                File.Delete(tempFile);

                return pix;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (needDispose)
                {
                    tempBitmap.Dispose();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 释放资源
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (!_disposed)
            {
                _engine?.Dispose();
                _disposed = true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 清理所有实例
        /// </summary>
        public static void Cleanup()
        {
            lock (_lock)
            {
                foreach (var instance in _instances.Values)
                {
                    instance.Dispose();
                }
                _instances.Clear();
            }
        }
    }
}